MCQ2

1. The ultrasound machine compensates for the effects of tissue attenuation by using:

a) time gain compensation
b) dynamic range compression
c) amplitude detection
d) analogue to digital conversion

2. The TIb value sometimes displayed on the screen of an ultrasound machine refers to:

a) the likelihood of inertial cavitation occurring
b) the predicted heating effect when the brain is being examined through the temporal bone
c) the predicted heating effect when a tissue-bone interface is present in the focal region
d) the likelihood of transient cavitation occurring

3. Doppler shifts below the baseline of the spectral display conventionally represent blood moving:

a) towards the probe
b) at 90 degrees to the beam direction
c) parallel to the probe face
d) away from the probe

4. Shadowing in ultrasound images can be caused by the presence of:

a) highly reflective tissues
b) circular structures
c) both of these
d) neither of these

5. The ultrasound machine ensures that the transmitted pulse is short because this:

a) improves the axial resolution
b) reduces the bandwidth required
c) increases the transmitted ultrasound power
d) improves the lateral resolution

6. Pulsed Doppler transmits relatively short pulses of ultrasound:

a) to reduce the patient's exposure to ultrasound energy
b) to reduce the likelihood of frequency aliasing
c) so that the machine can acquire Doppler shift signals from a small sample volume
d) to enhance the machine's ability to detect weak Doppler signals from small vessels

7. The width of the ultrasound beam at focus will decrease if:

a) both the frequency and the aperture are decreased
b) both the frequency and the aperture are increased
c) the frequency is increased and the aperture is decreased
d) the frequency is decreased and the aperture is increased

8. The most commonly used type of probe for abdominal and obstetric imaging is:

a) transvaginal (TV) probe
b) phased array
c) linear array
d) curved array

9. In colour Doppler frequency aliasing occurs:

a) when the Doppler angle is too large
b) when the colour Doppler PRF is too low
c) when the tissue threshold is too high
d) when the wall filter is too high

10. The progressive reduction in the energy of ultrasound as it passes through tissue is referred to as:

a) diffraction
b) attenuation
c) refraction
d) scattering

11. The term contrast resolution refers to:

a) the combining of multiple images obtained using different beam angles
b) the ratio of the strongest echo to the weakest echo
c) the ability to image fast-moving tissue structures without blurring
d) the user's ability to differentiate between soft tissue regions with different echogenicity

12. Compared with spectral pulsed Doppler colour Doppler is:

a) more able to detect signals from deep vessels
b) more able to display high and low velocities simultaneously
c) less able to display high and low velocities simultaneously
d) less likely to suffer from frequency aliasing

13. The average propagation speed of ultrasound in soft tissue is:

a) 1540 cm/s
b) 1540 m/s
c) 1450 cm/s
d) 1450 m/s

14. The slice thickness (or elevation plane) of the ultrasound beam can cause:

a) liquid filled structures to fill with echoes from deeper tissues
b) liquid filled structures to fill with echoes from adjacent tissues at the same depth
c) a mirror image artifact
d) circular structures to appear elliptical in the image

15. Harmonic imaging is often used in conjunction with ultrasound contrast agents because it:

a) reduces slice thickness artifact
b) reduces the risk of cavitation
c) increases the echogenicity of the contrast agent relative to tissue
d) extends the lifetime of the contrast bubbles in the blood stream

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